Nestingen, Andrew. "Nordic Noir: The Human Criminal," in Homer B. Pettey and Barton Palmer (eds.), International Noir, Edinburgh: University of Edinburgh Press, 2014.
Article traces genealogy of film noir in Nordic cinema from film noir of 1940-'50s to neo-noir of the 1990s and 2000s, arguing Nordic noir's distinctive trait is its humanization of the criminal, in contrast to figuration of the criminal as depthless monster in American noir and other noir traditions.